The increasing need to prepare PhD-students for work outside academia can also affect research processes and the role of supervisors. This is apparent in the practices of Graduate Schools in the social sciences and humanities who:

• Form thesis committees/supervisory panels that include mentors from outside of academia to guide the work of the student. The collaborative studentships at Loughborough University, for example, include at least one mentor from the non-academic organization participating in the research.
• Reward staff members for participation in intersectoral activities with their PhD students (e.g. with 40 working hours of their total workload).